Title
Use of agricultural waste in printing substrates for green packaging in multicolour printing
Authors
IRENA BATES, DIANA BRATIĆ, MAJA RUDOLF and IVANA PLAZONIĆ

Received January 30, 2026
Published Volume 60 Issue 3-4 March-April
Keywords agricultural waste, mathematical models, penetration depth of the ink, printing substrate, screen printing

Abstract
Constant population growth and urbanization lead to increased waste generation, which contributes significantly to environmental degradation. Along with proper management of solid waste, an important guideline is to convert as much waste as possible into new functional products. In the graphic industry, the greatest innovations are in the use of more environmentally friendly raw materials, particularly in the field of packaging. The aim of this research was to analyse the effects of adding non-wood fibres in the production of screen-printed printing substrates on the degree of ink penetration into the substrate. From the comparison of all substrates, it can be concluded that the lowest ink penetration values into the printing substrate were achieved for all ink combinations with printing substrates containing 30% triticale pulp. The statistical analysis confirmed that the composition of the printing substrate has a significant influence on the penetration depth of the ink, while the influence of the different ink combinations is obvious, but limited.