Title
Synthesis and characterization of carboxymethyl cellulose-glutaraldehyde-La-graphene composite beads and their application for removal of methylene blue
Authors
ZENGJIN FU, LEI TAN, YAN HAO and TINGRUI LIN

Received March 21, 2025
Published Volume 59 Issue 9-10 October-December
Keywords carboxymethyl cellulose, graphene oxide, composite, methylene blue, adsorption

Abstract
A novel adsorbent was developed through an innovative dual-crosslinking strategy. An environmentally friendly composite adsorbent based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) incorporated with graphene oxide (GO) was prepared for the adsorptive removal of cationic methylene blue (MB). In this method, the synergistic action of La3+ and glutaraldehyde was utilized to fabricate carboxymethyl cellulose-glutaraldehyde-La-graphene composite beads (CMC-GA-La-GO) with significantly enhanced adsorption performance compared to its individual components. This paper outlined the synthesis of CMC-GA-La-GO as a straightforward and environmentally benign process. The raw materials were inexpensive and readily available. The resulting CMC-GA-La-GO beads were characterized by FTIR, XRD, TGA and SEM. Furthermore, the parameters associated with the dosage of the adsorbent were also subjected to optimization. The experimental data for the adsorption process were better fitted by the Langmuir model (R2=0.99), indicating a theoretical maximum adsorption capacity of 113.9 mg⋅g−1, and were found to follow the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The gained results demonstrated that the CMC-GA-La-GO could be potentially applied as an effective adsorbent for MB removal from aqueous solutions.